Choosing Your Insurance Coverages and Bonding


Table of Contents

A Risk Assessment Overview


A Risk Assessment Overview


Making sure you have proper insurance coverage is one of the most important aspects of your sweeper business. Being uninsured or underinsured can quickly wipe out a lifetime of hard work. Knowing what kind of insurance to carry and how much of it to purchase is an important aspect of good risk management. In making these determinations, you should consider:

  1. the size of the potential loss
  2. the probability of the loss
  3. the resources that would be available to meet the loss if it should occur.

No firm or individual can eliminate or transfer all of the risk faced in today's business world. Some of them obviously must be assumed. The most important factor in determining whether a particular risk should be transferred (to an insurance company) or assumed (by your company) is the maximim potential loss that might result from that particular risk. If you neglect to purchase insurance against severe losses, you'll be risking a lot (the possible loss) for a little (the premiums paid).

There should be a reasonable relationship between the cost of transferring the risk (the cost of insurance) and the value that accrues to your company. For example, the additional premium required to eliminate or reduce deductibles in many types of insurance is quite high in relation to the added protection.

Perhaps surprisingly, a high probability that a loss will occur does not indicate that the risk should be insured. In fact, the opposite is true: The greater the probability of occurrence, the less appropriate is the purchase of insurance to cover the risk. Losses that occur with relative frequency are predictable and, typically, small.

They can be assumed by the business without too much financial difficulty, and are often budgeted as part of the normal cost of doing business. In service industries, probably the best example of such a situation would be bad debt losses. Where there are such probabilities of loss, it is vitally important that appropriate safeguards are taken to prevent the loss before it happens, when you can, and otherwise minimize occurrences (For more information on minimizing bad debt losses, read the manual section entitled Collecting Your Money).


  • Types of Coverage
  • Obtaining Coverage
  • Bonding

    Evaluate Your Options Before Buying


    The key to purchasing business insurance is the same as that of personal insurance: Do not risk more than you can afford to lose. Clearly, the cost of fire, theft or casualty insurance is less important, for example, than the possible size of the loss in virtually all of these cases.

    To gain a consensus of information for this section, several commercial insurance professionals were interviewed. Foremost of these was Mark Kiger, of Kiger and Associates Insurance Brokers. His office, located in California, specializes in providing coverage for sweepers, so is more aware of some of the potential 'gray areas' which are sometimes encountered with agents who are not familiar with the industry. Their office will be glad to assist you with information and answers to questions, even if you are not in one of the several western states in which they write coverage. Kiger and Associates, may be reached by calling 1-800- 935-4617, or faxing 310-521-0111.

    One tip was given unanimously: Shop around, and then settle on an agent and an insuring company with whom you feel 100% comfortable. Also don't rely on the information contained herein: Your insurance is a matter where absolutely nothing should be left to chance, so be sure to consult an agent who is familiar with the contracting business, preferably with the sweeping industry, and also licensed to do business in your state.

    Although the information to completely cover the topic of insurance would fill a book six inches thick, the following are some of the most important points to remember:

  • As a general rule, try to have both your auto and general liability policies written by the same insurance company. If not, determine without question that there are no gaps in your coverage.

  • Make sure that your agent/broker knows that your sweeper and truck chassis were manufactured as two separate units. The coverage of even some well known companies will only cover the chassis. If so, in the event of a wreck you could find yourself with a replacement check based upon the blue book value of the chassis only.

    Often the sweeper itself will be covered under what is called an 'inland marine' policy, classified as 'contractor's equipment.' This type of policy is also sometimes called an 'equipment floater.'

    If coverage is provided under one of the above types of policy, you will want to 'schedule' all of your associated work equipment in addition to the sweeper body. This means simply that you submit a description and serial number for all of your owned work items, such as backpack blowers, pressure washers, steam cleaners, utility trailers, etc.

  • Know whether current and proposed coverage is of the 'per occurrence,' or 'claims made' type. Although both kinds aren't available in all states, they are in many. A per occurrence policy is written to cover even if a claim is filed after the policy is no longer in force. For example, if someone was injured but didn't report it for months afterward - and meanwhile you had changed insurance carriers - the per occurrence policy should still cover it.

    Not so with a claims made policy. It covers only while in force, and will leave you unprotected if a delayed claim is filed after you switch carriers. Some insurance companies agree to cover previous acts, however, to make it more tempting for you to switch to their policy. If not, an alternative is to buy an 'Extended Reporting Period' rider (known by agents as a 'tail') when you switch from the one type of coverage to the other.

  • It is very important that you read your policy, every word, before acceptance. Brochures are okay for gaining a quick overview of a policy, but not a substitute for reading the genuine article. It's always tempting to skip the fine print, but this is one document that is important to understand.

  • When you receive your (or a sample) policy, make a photocopy of all the pages. Then read it carefully and highlight any words or phrases which you don't understand. Don't be shy about having your agent clarify these to your complete satisfaction.

  • Price is an important consideration for your policy. As in so many other areas, however, the cheapest insurance policy may be the most expensive in the long run. If you are looking at two different coverages, consider asking the competing agents to review both and tell you why one is better than the other. When figuring total cost per year, include any deductible amounts multiplied against the average number of times you predict you will have that type of claim per year.

  • Obtain the A.M. Best Company's report on the financial stability of any insurance company you are considering. Your agent should have this information; it is also available at any library.

  • An advantage of independent agents is that they have several companies to choose from. Whether your agent of choice is independent or handles just one specific line, the more they know about your business the better they will be able to match your needs with the most correct insurer. Consider asking other contractors in your area who is insuring their business and why.

  • Before shopping for coverage, make a list of the exposure areas which you have in your particular business. Don't forget such areas as employees doing company errands in their own cars and your liability regarding the hiring of any subcontractors.


  • Risk Assessment Overview
  • Obtaining Coverage
  • Bonding

    Types of Coverage


    Insurance planning begins with a consideration of the insurable risks faced by your business. In general, the following risks can be covered by insurance:

    1. Loss or damage of property - including your sweeper, supplies, fixtures and office building.
    2. Loss of income resulting from business interruption caused by damage to your firm's operating assets.
    3. Personal injury to customers, employees and the general public.
    4. Loss to the business caused by the death or disability of key employees or the owner.

    Insurance can be purchased to cover almost any risk. The following types of coverage are most commonly considered by sweeper owners:

    1. Fire and general property insurance - covering fire losses and vandalism.
    2. Consequential-loss insurance - covering loss of earnings or extra expenses when business is suspended due to fire or other catastrophe.
    3. Burglary insurance - covering forced entry and theft of merchandise and cash.
    4. Fidelity bond - covering employee theft
    5. Fraud insurance - covering counterfeit money, bad checks and larceny.
    6. Premises-liability insurance - covering injury to the public, such as a customer or pedestrian falling on your property.
    7. Workers' compensation insurance - covering employees at work.
    8. Life insurance - covering the life of the owner(s) or key employee(s).
    9. Business interruption insurance (which covers in the event accounts can't be serviced due to unforseen equipment failure, etc.).
    10. Key Man Coverage (in the event you or another key person in your company are incapacitated).

    Although it is wise to be aware of all of these types of coverages, most contractors don't find it cost-effective to insure against each of these pitfalls. Some are not even pertinent unless you have employees. Most sweeping contractors do choose to obtain two basic types of coverage. These are:


    Commercial Auto Insurance

    This covers the sweeper in accidents or mishaps which happen during transit, not usually during sweeping operations. In transit accidents are typically covered under an automobile-type policy, which are designed to cover damage to your vehicle, to other peoples' property and to pedestrians. This type of policy is necessary for accidents that happen during transport of the sweeper from area to area.

    While you are actually sweeping, typically your General Liability policy is what will cover you in the case of an accident. Because of this split-up of liability, there can be gray areas in coverage. For example, the hypothetical situation where you get into an accident while you are not sweeping, but are going from one area of a client's property to another to empty your hopper into their dumpster. If your policy is unclear, ask your agent to show you how you would be covered in such a situation.


    General Liability Insurance

    A General Liability policy is designed to take care of damage caused during or at some time after the actual sweeping is done. This type of insurance will cover your business against suits brought against you and/or your clients as a result of a liability situation which is caused by you or an employee of your company. An example of how it would protect you is if someone slipped and fell in an area which you had contracted to sweep, but where your employee didn't do the job.

    Until quite recently, virtually all property managers have insisted that their sweeping contractors have a general liability coverage of at least $100,000, and up to $1,000,000. The requirements in area are currently in a state of change, however.

    Compared to the relatively high cost of this type of policy for a small contractor, a large mall may have to pay only a fraction of the amount to add the coverage to their current insurance package. As a result, some property managers are no longer requiring that contractors carry their own policy for liability. In effect, property management companies are recognizing the fact that they are paying for the coverage one way or the other, and that paying it in the form of their own added insurance premium is less than having it tacked onto their sweeping costs.

    Since this represents a transition in business thought which is currently in process, you may well encounter both situations; managers who want you to carry the coverage, and others who expect a discount because they are carrying their own.

    We recommend that you discuss the above information with property managers who want you to carry this type of policy. It may be that they are still unaware of the current cost differential. This can have two positive effects: You will show your knowledge of the industry, for one, and you may also keep from having to take out your own coverage if you sweep their account.


  • Risk Assessment Overview
  • Evaluate Your Options Before Buying
  • Bonding

    Obtaining Coverage


    Consider the following when evaluating your business insurance needs:

    1. Does any proposed Commercial Automobile Policy cover your "premises and operations exposures?" Is it still valid for any of your sweepers that are trailer-mounted? (Make sure this is clear and understood, since a type of provision called the Simplified General Liability would exclude a unit which is trailer-mounted.)
    2. Make certain that any proposed General Liability Policy includes coverage for completed operations.
    3. Strongly consider getting your Commercial Auto and General Liability coverages from the same company, to avoid any confusion or gaps in coverage. This is a way to safeguard against having one company try to pass off the liability on a claim to the other company, and vice versa.
    4. When a mall manager does require a general liability policy/bond, they will want their company to be added as an 'additional insured.' Make certain your general liability Certificate of Insurance will allow this to happen.
    5. Most Commercial Auto coverages will replace your unit at actual cash value. Again, remember that this can result in underinsuring your truck/sweeper unless the sweeper is valued separately from the chassis. When setting up your coverage(s), the value for each should be determined in advance, and that amount should be reflected in the premium charged. That is the only way to be sure that there will be enough coverage to pay for the entire value at the time of any loss.

    If you are at all unsure of the coverages you need, definitely spend some time with a reliable insurance agent who fully understands your business. For example, a standard fire insurance policy pays the policyholder only for losses that are directly due to fire. Other indirect losses, known as consequential losses, may be even more important to your firm's welfare. To protect yourself against this type of loss, you will need to obtain business-interruption insurance. For example, if your office or sweeper repair/storage facility burned, some examples of your consequential losses could include the following:

    1. Loss of the use of the building(s).
    2. Continuing expenses after the fire, such as salaries, rents paid in advance, sweeper payments, interest obligations, etc.
    3. Extra expenses of obtaining temporary quarters.
    4. If you were housed in a building which you owned and also rented space to others, you would lose your rental income from the building(s).

    Under common law, as well as workers' compensation laws, you as an employer are liable for injury to employees at work, if the injuries were caused by your failure to provide safe tools and working conditions, hire competent fellow employees, or warn employees of an existing danger. In every state, an employer must insure against potential workers' compensation claims. Employee coverage and the extent of the owner's liability vary from state to state.

    When you shop for insurance you will hear the term General Liability. This is liability for any kind of bodily injury to nonemployees except that which is caused by vehicles and liable even when the injury occurred to trespassers! As a business owner you may also be legally liable for bodily injuries sustained by customers, pedestrians, delivery people, etc., even in cases where you have exercised 'reasonable care.'

    Any cars and trucks - as well as your sweeper(s) - you operate in the course of doing business are serious potential sources of liability. Even if you do not actually own a company vehicle other than your sweeper, if you or an employee are in an accident, while in your personal car but on company business, the business can be held liable for any resulting injuries and property damage. If you employ an outside salesperson, for example, don't count on his or her own vehicle liability policy to cover your business in the event of an accident. In this circumstance you will probably want to seriously consider acquiring non-ownership liability coverage.

    The best form of general liability insurance for many sweeping contractors consists of a comprehensive general liability policy (with a bonding amount which is satisfactory to all customers, but at least $100,000), combined with a comprehensive vehicle liability policy and a standard workers' compensation policy.

    You should obtain cost estimates from at least two reliable insurance agents, and carefully evaluate them before buying any coverage. Explore package insurance policies at discounted rates.

    To find companies which specialize in business insurance, look in the yellow pages of your phone book under the heading 'Insurance.' Your Schwarze sales representative may also be able to provide you with names of insurance agencies who specialize in sweeper insurance and offer policies in your state.

    An aspect of your decision-making may be whether or not the annual insurance costs quoted by a particular company may be financed. Payment can usually be arranged which calls for a 25% down payment and then the balance spread over nine months of installments. These usually start within 30 days of when you purchase the insurance.

    As your business grows, a good business insurance specialist should also be able to assist you in planning an overall risk strategy for your company.


  • Risk Assessment Overview
  • Evaluate Your Options Before Buying
  • Types of Coverage

    Bonding


    Some property managers may require that your company carry a 'fidelity bond.' This is a type of coverage you buy that insures the honesty of your company's employees. In essence, it will guarantee that repayment will be made in the event that an employee steals something from a customer's property, etc. Fidelity bonds are infrequently required in sweeping; if mandated, the amount of required fidelity coverage will vary, but the cost of this type of policy is relatively inexpensive.